Technical Insights
The physical profile of the growing media is a requirement to measure the efficiency of biofiltration of fish waste in the aquaponics system. Klayton and Light Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA), both ceramic based growing media, were evaluated based on physical profile. Klayton has higher water absorption per surface area as compared to LECA. High surface area provides more space for the growth of nitrifying bacteria.
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This document describes procedures for the laboratory evaluation of candles submitted to Poseidon Sciences (Poseidon) to evaluate the effects against C. quinquefasciatus. The test samples are typically prepared by the project sponsor and submitted for evaluation to Poseidon.
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Marine coatings development is a never ending process of trial and error. While paint chemists can formulate new variations to test, it is the product validation process that takes much longer. Even longer if one conducts tests in sub-tropical or sub-temperate regions where fouling conditions slow down or completely stop when the water gets cold. We all wish that a more lab-friendly process can be developed to predict the performance of marine coatings.
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Forecasting is never an exact science because it relies on current data and none of our economists have in their possession the ultimate crystal ball. Unexpected economic variables can come up anytime, such as changes in the price of oil, currency exchanges, wars and even
climatic changes.
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Numerous scientific papers have demonstrated, mostly under laboratory tests, computer simulations and ‘semi-field’ conditions, that the topography of the surface are major factors that contribute to drag; and hence the speed of the ship as it propels through the water. For this reason, we have always taken for granted that a sleek, smooth surface is always better for business. But, no one has actually shown how better a smooth surface is compared to
one less smooth under real operating world conditions.
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For the general public, the word ‘biocide’ is almost like a dirty word. Yet biocides remain an essential part of modern life, protecting the very same public that decry it from the host of bacteria and viruses in food, household items, such as cosmetics and toiletries, to swimming pools, paints and medical supplies.
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In recent years, designing antifouling coatings to prevent the attachment of biofouling organism on submerged surfaces has become an even more challenging task. The environmental and regulatory trends are pointing towards reduced cuprous oxide content in coatings and less co-biocides.
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